Learned Helplessness
When young, circus elephants are attached by heavy chains to large stakes driven deep into the ground. They pull and yank, but the chain is too strong, the stake too rooted. One day they give up, having learned that they cannot pull free, and from that day forward they can be "chained" with a slender rope. When this enormous animal feels any resistance, though it has the strength to pull the whole circus tent over, it stops trying. Because it believes it cannot. "You will never amount to anything. You cannot sing. You are not smart enough. You are a loser. You should have more realistic goals. You are the reason our marriage broke up. Without you kids I would have had a chance. You are worthless." This opera is being sung in homes all over America right now, the stakes driven into the ground, the heavy chains attached, the children reaching the point they believe they cannot pull free. And at that point, they cannot. Unless and until something changes their view, unless they grasp the striking fact that they are tied with a thread, that the chain is an illusion, that they were fooled, and ultimately, that whoever so fooled them was wrong about them and that they were wrong about themselves -- unless all this happens, these children are not likely to show society their positive attributes as adults.
http://www.noogenesis.com/malama/discouragement/helplessness/circus_elephants.html

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